United States Population Through History

United States Population Through History The first decennial census in the United States in 1790 showed a population of just under four million people. Today, the U.S. population is estimated at more than 320 million. The 2010 census showed that the United States had a .77 percent increase in population. In 2009, there was an almost one percent increase in the birth rate, which was seen as a post-recession baby boom.  According to the Census, The combination of births, deaths and net international migration increases the U.S. population by one person every 17 seconds.  While that figure may sound high, the U.S. population  is actually growing at a slower rate than many other nations. U.S. Fertility Rate The United States runs below replacement level (2.1 births per woman)  in fertility  rate, at a historic low with an estimated 1.76 in 2017. Some of the drop  in fertility rate is due to a drop in teen births over the previous decade and a drop in unintended pregnancies.   The lower birthrate actually signifies that there are increased opportunities for women in the United States compared to high-fertility rate countries. Women who put off motherhood have fewer children but, generally, have them on better economic footing.   A low birthrate is also a sign of an established economy. The U.S. rate is actually high among the richest nations in the world, which are all grappling with an aging population overall. Aging Population A lower birthrate and an increasing life expectancy contributes to the fact that the U.S. population is aging overall. One problem  associated with an increasingly aging population includes fewer people in the workforce. Countries who are aging and not having a net migration in will see population declines. That has the potential to put a strain on social services and health care, as there are fewer people to pay taxes to support government programs for the elderly. There are also fewer caregivers for them. Immigration = Population Rise Fortunately, the United States attracts a large number of immigrants who come here to work. Also, people who come here searching for a better life do so in the ages when they typically have young children, thus keeping the countrys population growing. Immigrants fill in the gaps in the workforce created by the aging population and the drop in fertility rate. But its not a new trend. Since 1965 the population increase of the United States has been because of immigrants and their descendants, with that trend expected to continue for the next 50 years, Pew Research reported. Immigrants accounted for about 14 percent of the total U.S. population in 2015.  Ã‚   U.S. Census Figures Here you will find a list of the U.S. population every 10 years from the first official census in 1790 to the most recent in 2010, including a recent population estimate. The population is expected to hit 355 million by 2030, 373 million by 2040, and 388 million by 2050.  Ã‚   1790: 3,929,2141800: 5,308,4831810: 7,239,8811820: 9,638,4531830: 12,866,0201840: 17,069,4531850: 23,191,8761860: 31,443,3211870: 38,558,3711880: 50,189,2091890: 62,979,7661900: 76,212,1681910: 92,228,4961920: 106,021,5371930: 123,202,6241940: 132,164,5691950: 151,325,7981960: 179,323,1751970: 203,302,0311980: 226,542,1991990: 248,709,8732000: 281,421,9062010: 307,745,5382017: 323,148,586

The Annapolis Convention of 1786

The Annapolis Convention of 1786 The Annapolis Convention was an early American national political convention held at Manns Tavern in Annapolis, Maryland, on September 11- 14, 1786. Attended by twelve delegates from the five states of New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia, the convention was called to address and remove the self-serving protectionist trade barriers each state had independently established. With the United States government still operating under the state power-heavy Articles of Confederation, each state was largely autonomous, with the central government lacking any authority to regulate trade between and among the various states. While the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and North Carolina had appointed delegates to the Annapolis Convention, the failed to arrive in time to participate. The other four of the 13 original states, Connecticut, Maryland, South Carolina, and Georgia, refused or chose not to take part. Though it was comparatively small and failed to accomplish its intended purpose, the Annapolis Convention was a major step leading to the creation of the U.S. Constitution and the current federal government system. The Reason for the Annapolis Convention After the end of the Revolutionary War in 1783, the leaders of the new American nation took on the daunting job of creating a government capable of fairly and efficiently meeting what they knew would be an ever-growing list of public needs and demands. America’s first attempt at a constitution, the Articles of Confederation, ratified in 1781, created a rather weak central government, leaving most powers to the states. This resulted in a series of localized tax rebellions, economic depressions, and problems with trade and commerce that the central government was unable to resolve, such as: In 1786, a dispute over alleged economic injustices and suspension of civil rights by the state of Massachusetts resulted in Shays Rebellion, an often violent dispute in which protestors were eventually subdued by a privately raised and funded militia.  In 1785, Maryland and Virginia engaged in a particularly nasty dispute over which state should be allowed to profit from the commercial use of the rivers that crossed both states. Under the Articles of Confederation, each state was free to enact and enforce its own laws regarding trade, leaving the federal government powerless to deal with trade disputes between different states or to regulate interstate commerce. Realizing that a more comprehensive approach to the powers of the central government was needed, the Virginia legislature, at the suggestion of future fourth President of the United States James Madison, called for a meeting of delegates from all of the existing thirteen states in September 1786, in Annapolis, Maryland. The Annapolis Convention Setting Officially called as a Meeting of Commissioners to Remedy Defects of the Federal Government, the Annapolis Convention was held September 1114, 1786 at Manns Tavern in Annapolis, Maryland. A total of only 12 delegates from just five states- New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia – actually attended the convention. New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and North Carolina had appointed commissioners who failed to arrive in Annapolis in time to attend, while Connecticut, Maryland, South Carolina, and Georgia chose not to participate at all. Delegates who attended the Annapolis Convention included: From New York: Egbert Benson and Alexander HamiltonFrom New Jersey: Abraham Clark, William Houston, and James SchuremanFrom Pennsylvania: Tench CoxeFrom Delaware: George Read, John Dickinson, and Richard BassettFrom Virginia: Edmund Randolph, James Madison, and St. George Tucker The Results of the Annapolis Convention On September 14, 1786, the 12 delegates attending the Annapolis Convention unanimously approved a resolution recommending that Congress convene a broader constitutional convention to be held the following May in Philadelphia for the purpose of amending the weak Articles of Confederation to rectify a number of serious defects. The resolution expressed the delegates’ hope that the constitutional convention would be attended by representatives of more states and that the delegates would be authorized to examine areas of concern broader than simply laws regulating of commercial trade between the states. The resolution, which was submitted to Congress and the state legislatures, expressed the delegates’ deep concern regarding â€Å"important defects in the system of the Federal Government,† which they warned, â€Å"may be found greater and more numerous than even these acts imply.† With only five of the thirteen states represented, the authority of the Annapolis Convention was limited. As a result, other than recommending the calling of a full constitutional convention, the delegates attending the delegates took no action on the issues that had brought them together. â€Å"That the express terms of the powers of your Commissioners supposing a deputation from all the States, and having for object the Trade and Commerce of the United States, Your Commissioners did not conceive it advisable to proceed on the business of their mission, under the Circumstances of so partial and defective a representation,† stated the convention’s resolution. The events of the Annapolis Convention also prompted eventual first President of the United States George Washington to add his plea for a stronger federal government. In a letter to fellow Founding Father James Madison dated November 5, 1786, Washington memorably wrote, â€Å"The consequences of a lax, or inefficient government, are too obvious to be dwelt on. Thirteen Sovereignties pulling against each other and all tugging the federal head, will soon bring ruin on the whole.† While the Annapolis Convention failed to accomplish its purpose, the delegates’ recommendations were adopted by the U.S. Congress. Eight months later, on May 25, 1787, the Philadelphia Convention convened and succeeded in creating the present U.S. Constitution.

Gay Marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gay Marriage - Research Paper Example The following are the approaches that have been used to attempt to solve the standoff. 1. Political Approach The gay community has been needlessly subjected to negative tagging by the ‘straight.’ This has left authorities with no choice but to adjust the law in order to protect this minority group from intolerant and homophobic treatments. But is it true that the gay are victims of homophobia and intolerance from the straight society? â€Å"Homophobia is the hatred or fear of homosexuals †¦ sometimes leading to acts of violence and expressions of hostility.† (Anti-Defamation League, 2001). Fear and hatred of homosexuals is something that should be condemned in bold letters. Supporting Proposition 8 therefore exposes the gay to unjust and unfair treatment. However, only extremist individuals and groups come to this extent of being out-rightly insolent against the gay-and this is totally unacceptable. If someone is peacefully expressing their opinion against ho mosexuality because they think it is wrong, should they be termed intolerant and homophobic? If a church-based organization says it cannot admit gay individuals because its value system does not allow such, is that intolerance? Not any more than than Tyson (Meat Company) can join the American Vegetarian Association! It is not intolerant, it is just plain unreasonable. Cost of Implementation Not everyone who opposes homosexuality hates or fears the gay: they are simply expressing their opinion and practicing their freedom of expression. Apparently, the gay are cushioned by the law, such that they can get away with something that other people don’t. For instance, is it not ‘freedom of expression’ to talk against religion and the religious, but not against homosexuality? Jennifer Roback says, â€Å"I’m voting ‘yes’ on 8, not because of my views of gays and lesbians, but because of my views about marriage. I view marriage as a gender-based instit ution that attaches mothers and fathers to each other and to their children.† (Jennifer Roback, November 1 2008). Is it fair and just to have children in a situation where they cannot utter ‘mum’ or ‘dad’, because we adults have disordered these roles? Would a child feel the same way if they were cuddled in the bosom of a ‘male mother’ as they would in that of a ‘real’ mother? No one has the right to abuse homosexuals, but opposing them does not amount to discriminating against them. Rejecting Proposition 8 amounts to giving the gay way too much liberty at the expense of others-especially children; and criminalizing rather honest and kind opinions. 2. Sociological Approach Maggie Gallagher and Joshua K. Baker seem to reject the proposition by positing that gay marriages have no negative implication on the society. They assert that â€Å"†¦ children raised by lesbian and gay parents†¦ do as well if not better than c hildren raised by heterosexual parents† emotionally, socially and educationally. (Gallagher, Maggie and Joshua K. Blake, Pg 2). They posit that the gender of the parents does not matter; provided love, care and protection thrive in the family unit. However, they point at the immense significance there is in a traditional family by admitting that marriage is more than a private emotional relationship. â€Å"It is also a social good; †¦

Race culture and identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Race culture and identity - Essay Example However, a few scenes later, the same â€Å"gang† member turns up to the police station with the murder weapon. The audience is informed by the prosecution that the â€Å"gang† member is really a concerned citizen who is doing his civic duty to protect the neighbourhood, and Will is left looking, first, shocked, and second, disappointed. Yet, there is no feeling of guilt that registers on Will’s face, the guilt in automatically assuming that this group of black youths can be nothing more than gang-bangers and criminals. What I found particularly challenging about this episode is that, even when the black youth turns out to be an honest citizen, the staging of the scene encourages the audience to sympathize with the lawyers for having accidentally lead the police to the weapon, rather than expressing outrage at the socially constructing binary between the good white man and the bad black man. The reality, which depicts the white man breaking the law and the black man upholding it, is of little importance. In this context, the reality of individual actions is obscured by the construction of race, which posits Whiteness as pure, correct, righteous, and universally good, and Blackness as dirty, illegal, deceptive, criminal, and inherently bad. It is in critically analyzing this construction of Whiteness that will enable a clearer understanding of how power, dominance, and influence continue to be held in white hands. Since the Civil Rights Movement, there have been subsequent movements created to analyze the construction of race, and how these constructions are entrenched and maintained. One of the first movements to emerge was Critical Legal Scholars (CLS), which sought to expose the inconsistencies in legal doctrine to show how these... Since the Civil Rights Movement, there have been subsequent movements created to analyze the construction of race, and how these constructions are entrenched and maintained. One of the first movements to emerge was Critical Legal Scholars (CLS), which sought to expose the inconsistencies in legal doctrine to show how these inconsistencies serve to maintain the class structure of a society; this school of thought relies heavily on the Gramscian concept of ‘hegemony’, in which certain groups have used social, political, legal, etc. mechanisms to center their values, ideas, and perspectives as the hegemonic ideology. Through the imperial project, Whiteness has become enshrined as the dominant or superior race that has remained relatively unchallenged until present; therefore, the past several centuries have witnessed a radical transformation in inter-racial relations, which went from relative cultural and ethnic isolation to the world that has been shaped into a racial hier archy where whiteness occupies the top and blackness the bottom. Although CLS investigated the multiple systems that constructed whiteness as the center, it did not sufficiently discuss how the power of whiteness stems from its ability to cast itself as invisible and universal, which is a central point of analysis in Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Critical Whiteness Studies.

Balanced score cards Essay Example for Free

Balanced score cards Essay Scorecards are more like performance graphs utilized to monitor progress toward attaining goals. Scorecards typically show monthly snaps of summarized information for business managers who monitor long-term and strategic objectives or weekly and daily snapshots of information for executives who need to graph the progress of their team of project toward attaining goals. In Orange Ltd, the data is fairly summarized so consumers can observe their performance standing at a glimpse. Scorecards make use of visual graphs and charts to show performance condition, variance against goals, and trends. However, most scorecards in Orange Ltd contain a great deal of textual commentary that deduces performance outcomes, describes action taken, and projects future outcomes (Ishikawa, 1976). 1. 1. 1 Dash Boards Dashboards are just like automobile dashboards. They enable operational experts and their managers monitor activities generated by core business procedures. But unlike automobiles, most company dashboards display no real times for activities, as they happen; they display them in right time, as customers need to see them. Dashboards mostly show performance visually, by use of simple graphs or charts, such as meters and gauges. However, dashboard charts are mostly updated in place making the chart to change dynamically (Genichi, 1998). 2. 0 Conclusions Many news headlines concerning the poor quality of IT projects illustrate that quality is a big issue. Some mission-vital IT systems have resulted to deaths, and quality complications in many company systems have lead to major financial crisis. Clients are at the end responsible for defining quality. Significant quality approaches include conforming to requirements, delivering products that are fit for use, and satisfying implied or stated stakeholder requirements. Project quality management involves performing quality assurance, planning quality, and performing quality control. Quality planning singles out quality standards relevant to the project and how to satisfy them. Quality control involves tracking specific project outcomes to ensure that they conform to quality standards and also identifying methods to enhance general quality. There are many techniques and tools linked to project quality management. The seven common tools of measuring quality are: control charts, scatter diagrams, run charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, histograms, flow charts, and Pareto charts. Many people contributed to the creation of current quality management. Juran, Ishikawa, Taguchi, and Crosby all made vital contributions to the sector. Many firms today utilize their ideas, which also influenced balanced scorecards, spider charts, and dashboards. There is much room for enhancing IT project quality. Well founded leadership aids emphasize the significance of quality. References Crosby, K. (1979). Leadership for Quality: An Executive Handbook, NY: Free Press. Foster, S. (2004). Managing Quality: An Integrative Approach, 2nd ED. NJ: Prentice Hall. Genichi, J. (1998). Planning for Quality in IT firms, NY: Free Press. Ishikawa, K. (1976). Guide to Quality Control, Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo 1976. Juran, J. Frank, M. (2002). Juran’s Quality Control Handbook, 4th Ed. San Francisco: McGraw-Hill Book Co. Juran, J. (1992). Juran on Quality by Design: The New Steps for Planning Quality into Goods Services, NY: Free Press. Kathy, S. (2008). Information Technology Project Management, NY: Free Press. Taguchi, M. (2004). Quality Control Handbook, 4th Ed. San Francisco: McGraw-Hill Co.

Bless Me, Ultima Essay -- essays research papers

Antonio is Alienated   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that in the novel Bless Me, Ultima Antonio is an alienated individual. He doesn’t seem to act like any of the other kids his age and has been through so much more then they have. For example, Antonio is torn between making his mother happy and becoming a priest, or making his father happy and becoming a cowboy type figure. He also has experienced a lot of death in his life to people he cared deeply about. I believe that Antonio is alienated because he has the mind of an adult, he is the only one who can talk to Ultima, and he can see the future. Oddly, Antonio is the only one who understands Ultima. For example, in the beginning of the book Antonio shook Ultima’s hand and he could sense the power of a whirlwind pass through hi...

Iran Nuclear Program

I) Introduction Iran started their nuclear program since 1979 and claimed that the purpose is â€Å"for peaceful† but the West believes that Iran is developing weapons. The UN’s International Atomic Energy Agency published a report which complained that it had been unable to â€Å"provide credible assurance about the absence of undeclared material and activities in Iran† and that it continued to have â€Å"serious concerns regarding military dimensions to Iran’s nuclear program†. II) Content 1) The military force Iran wants to build deliverable nuclear weapons quickly and it may well want, at some points, to develop the bombs themselves. This is deeply worrying to Israel ( tai vi sao). _ It also alarms nearby states, which fear Iranian power and could lead some of them – Saudi Arabia, Egypt, perhaps Turkey – to seek nuclear weapons of their own. Many fear that this would make the region which is not stable much more terrible. _ The pos sibility of an Iranian bomb comes closer with every revolutions of the centrifuges in its underground enrichment plants.Israel’s director of military intelligence, General Kochavi, says that Iran has obtained 4 tones of uranium enriched to 3. 5% and another 100kg enriched to 20%. It could possibly enrich from 20% to 90% and thus, the uranium would be enough for up to four nuclear weapons. General Kochavi says that it would only take the Iranians a year to make a crude device and another one or two years to put together a nuclear warhead that would fit on a ballistic missile. _ For Israel, there is no more opportunity to effectively deal with the Iranian.Although Iran has shown some intent to return to the bargaining table with the West, little progress made in the past and Iran continues expand its uranium-enrichment capabilities with the ongoing installation of centrifuges at Natanz and Fordow, which is known as its two enrichment plant. _ Although Israel likes the use of sa nctions to make Iran stop its nuclear activities, there appears to be an implicit assumption within Irael that the military force would be required to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons.Even the attack would be costly; Israel considers it to be a â€Å"price worth paying to remove what it considers to be an existential threat to the country†. ( Nuclear Fallout) 2) The Sanction It is true to say that If Iran were to gain a weapon only for its own protection, others in the region might then feel they need weapons too. â€Å"Saudi Arabia has said it will arm- and Pakistan is thought ready to supply a bomb in exchange for earlier Saudi backing of its own program. Turkey and Egypt, the regional powers, might conclude they have to join the nuclear club. † A Middle East with five nuclear powers riven by rivalry and sectarian feuds, each would have its fingers permanently twitching over the button, in the belief that the one that pressed first would be left standingà ¢â‚¬ . There’s no wonder that some people want a pre-emptive strike. However, military action is not the best solution for stopping the nuclear program in Iran. There are 3 reason why military force is not an option: First, even Israel was successful in solo missions against the weapons program of Iraq, in 1981, and Syria, in 2007; striking Iran would be much harder.Iran’s sites are spread out and some of them demand repeated hits. Iran has a number of nuclear and related missile facilities – some with hardened features- that are widely dispersed across the country, with the most well protected facilities in Iran. If an attack were designed to damage Iran’s ability to construct a nuclear weapon, it would be necessary to destroy four main targets : the uranium-enrichment halls at Natanz and Fordow; the Arak reactor and Iran’s existing stockpile of enriched uranium. All of them located in hardened area which make them difficult to be destroyed in an air launched attack.The Natanz underground plant is constructed of two-meter thick concrete walls and buried beneath estimated 10 meters soils, making it challenging target. The Fordow uranium-enrichment facility located in Tehran would be even be more difficult site for Israel to destroy since it is deeply buried in rugged mountain terrain. A successful air-launched attack on this facility would need to penetrate through a considerable volume of the mountain to collapse the facility’s interior space, which Israel munitions would struggle to achieve, and although any centrifuges operating during an attack would probably be destroyed from the ground shock, they ould be replaced relatively quickly if the facility survived and the required equipment were available. The biggest question is whether an Israel strike would have any impact on the centrifuge chamber at Fordow, said to be buried 80 meters deep. The answer is: Yes, there could be a 35% ~ 90% chance of the Israel weapon s arriving at just the right place and at least one bomb would penetrate the facility if the Israel military use the F-15Is aimed the GBU-28 and GBU-27 and repeat hit several times. But even if things went off, Iran would retain the capacity to repair and reconstitute its program.Even a successful Israel strike might thus delay Iran’s progress by only three or four years. An American attack might gain five years or even ten; it could drop more bombs on more of the sites, and much bigger bombs – its B-2s carry GBU-57, weighing almost 14 tones. An American attack thus remains a possibility, and will continue to be one up to the day Iran fields weapons. But America is unlikely to rush into a strike following an Israel mission. American has its own reason not to attack Iran now. Iran is a vast populous and sophisticated country, thus, it may have secret sites to escape.Even if all its sites are hit, Iran’s nuclear know-how cannot be bombed out of existence. Nor can its network of suppliers at home and abroad. Perhaps America could bomb Iran every few years. But how would it know when and where to strike? The fail of American strike in Iraq and Afghanistan has demonstrated that a war could raise the threat of retaliation. The idea that a bomb is the only defense against an American enemy might become stronger than ever. There’s no doubt that America prefer to wait and that is one reason why it is seeking to hold Israel back.Second, the West is implementing the sanction which is designed to get Iran stop enrichment and the nations concerned about centered on sanctions as their favored policy tool. It is true that sanctions have not achieved their strategic goal of changing Iran’s nuclear policy. Nor have they met tactical success in bringing Iran return to the negotiations nuclear program. But sanctions are helping to limit Iran’s ability to quickly assemble a nuclear weapon. Sanctions have helped to restrict Iran’s a bility to employ its advanced centrifuges in larger numbers. The UN Panel of Experts Established Pursuant to Resolution 1929 concluded in May 2011 report that Iran has difficulty producing some of the critical â€Å"choke points† items that are necessary to sustain and advance its centrifuge enrichment program. † The Panel of Experts’ also concluded that sanctions are blocking the trade of items related to nuclear and missile activity and thus slowing development of the programs. Iran’s missile program is dependent on foreign supply of items such as aluminum powder for production of fuel.Previously, Iran has been purchased the powder item from China but in recent months, Chinese have tightened controls on such exports. As a result, the sanction made Iran to change suppliers, which in turn is considered as difficulties to missile engineers. Additionally, the sanctions are restricting Iran’s ability to use the international financial system in support of illicit trade. â€Å"Following the EU decision, there is only one Europe-based financial institution – the Paris branch of Bank Tejarat – is available for use of Iran today. More importantly, Iran is unable to conduct business in either dollars or Euros. It therefore cannot repatriate payment except through barter. â€Å"As of August in 2011, Iran had over $20 billion locked up in escrow accounts in China, $3. 4 billion in India and almost $4 billion in South Korea. â€Å" Even though it is not a purpose of the sanctions to restrict Iranian trade overall, they are contributing to unemployment and inflation which are reported to be 15% in Iran. There also are reports of food shortages, hoarding and a drying up of investments.Foreign reserves are running low and the economy is becoming distorted as legitimate trade shifts to the informal sector. Iran is facing a higher cost of doing business. However, America still wants to put stricter sanction which target Iranà ¢â‚¬â„¢s central bank by penalizing any foreign financial institutions doing business with it. As a result, the European Union has imposed an embargo on Iranian oil. Iran’s economy is mostly reliant on oil and gas exports, which account for 50% ~ 70% of the government’s revenues. Thus, it is estimated that Iran’s oil exports may fall about 60% of their former level. Finally, Conclusion

Female Education Essay

Napoleon once said â€Å"Give me an educated mother and I will give you an educated nation. † This statement is enough to prove the importance of female education. Allah has created both man and woman equally. They are like the two sides of a coin. One is incomplete without the other. So, education cannot be the only possession of a single class or sex. Rather, it should be imparted equally to both men and women. Our religion has also made education compulsory for all. In the past, our women folk were confined within the four walls of home. Parents did not allow them to receive education and to participate in any outside work. Early marriage, religious misinterpretation and the narrowness of our outlook were mainly responsible for this. Parents thought it waste of time and money to educate their girls. They did not understand that if girl children were educated they could be as competent as male children. As our women folk constitute almost half of our total population, no real development is possible keeping them uneducated. On the other hand, an educated mother plays a very important role in making and shaping the character of her children. She knows well how to bring up her children, to educate them and to make them worthy. In domestic life, she can also extend her helping hand to her husband. So, there is no alternative to female education. It is a matter of great delight that women have started to come out of their cocoons. Being educated, they are joining a wide range of professions. They have been able to prove their abilities. So, the disadvantages of early marriage and religious misinterpretation must be removed. Our outlook about women must be changed. More schools and colleges for girls should be set up to spread female education. Recently the scenario of female education has started to change. Many socio-economic factors are responsible for this change. All possible facilities of female education have been extended. Education for girls up to degree level has been made free with a monthly stipend. This encourages them to continue their education. We should remember that only educated women can change the picture of our society. So, all of us should come forward to spread female education. The overall state of female education in Bangladesh is not yet satisfactory. In the past, women were in the boundary of their houses. They usually spent their time doing their household chores. They were deprived of education. But the situation has been changed now. Now-a-days, they are admitting into schools, colleges and universities. The rate of literacy in our country is about 60% whereas female literacy is about 40%. Female education is necessary for getting an educated nation. Because, an educated mother can give an educated nation. There are many advantages of female education. A child will never remain illiterate if his/her mother is educated. An educated woman can play various roles in the family. She can impart himself in different business and jobs. As a result, she can contribute to the family income. However, government should do something more to educate the female. â€Å"No need girl’s education, they are born only for taking care of their families†- this idea was stereotype in the early past of Bangladesh. The birth of a boy child was a blessing for the parents and a girl child was like a curse. It is a surprising matter that a girl child also comes like a boy child from mother’s womb and father’s blood but still that child is unexpected to her parents. In reality, a father and mother can never hate their children. Actually, the society made the rule to neglect the girl children. As Bangladesh is considers as a Muslim country, most of its population are Muslim. The Bangladeshi people thought that their religion had ordered them to keep their women and female children inside the house and keep them in safe. As a result, the parents always wanted a male child to earn for the family and protect their old age. From a theological research, it has found that the beliefs which were followed by our ancestors were based on wrong concepts. The holy books actually suggested keeping women in safe, not to confine them into four walls where they do not have any liberty. These books also suggested that a woman can even participate in the warfare if she is able to protect herself. Very slowly but the people started to change their mentality when they were becoming educated and started realizing that it was useless to achieve success without women as a mother is the first teacher of a child. If a mother is illiterate there is much possibility that the child will be uneducated. To cure this problem, Begum Rokeya, the pioneer of giving the light of education to the Muslim Bengali girls. This social movement of educating girls was very slow and at that time people were against of this blessed work. She kept patience and opened a girls’ school. She made people to understand about the benefit of the girl’s education by giving the religious points. Though it took time to convince people, it worked. People understood the necessity of the girls’ education and started sending their daughters into the school. This idea was so effective because a nation can have more achievements if the entire nation works together for success, not the half of the nation. The government also realized that this is an innovative idea and so the†¦ â€Å"It is the height of selfishness for men, who fully appreciate in their own case the great advantage of a good education, to deny these advantages to women. There is no valid argument by which the exclusion of the female sex from the privilege of education can be defended. It is argued that women have their domestic duties to perform and that, if they were educated, they would bury themselves in their books and have little time for attending to the management of their households. Of course, it is possible for women as it is for men to neglect work in order to spare more time for reading sensational novels. But women are no more liable to this temptation than men and most women would be able to do their household work the entire better for being able to refresh their minds in the intervals of leisure with a little reading. Nay, education would even help them in the performance of the narrowest sphere of womanly duty. For education involves knowledge of the means by which health may be preserved and enable a mother to consult such modern books as will tell her how to rear up her children into healthy men and women and skillfully nurse them and her husband, when disease attacks her household. Without education she will not be averse to listen, with fatal results, to the advice of superstitious quacks that pretend to work wonder by charms and magic. But, according to higher conception of women’s sphere, women ought to be something more than a household drudge. She ought to be able not merely to nurse her husband in sickness but also to be his companion in health. For this part of her wifely duty, education is necessary, for there cannot be congenial companionship between an educated husband and an uneducated wife who can converse with her husband on no higher subject than cookery and servant’s wages. Also, one of a mother’s highest duties is the education of her children at the time when their mind is not amenable to instruction. A child’s whole future life, to a large extent, depends on the teaching it receives in early childhood and it is needless to say that this first foundation of education cannot be well laid by an ignorant mother. On all these grounds female education is a vital necessity. Gender inequality in education is extreme. Girls are less likely to access school, to remain in school or to achieve in education. Education helps men and women claim their rights and realise their potential in the economic, political and social arenas. It is also the single most powerful way to lift people out of poverty. Education plays a particularly important role as a foundation for girls’ development towards adult life. It should be an intrinsic part of any strategy to address the gender-based discrimination against women and girls that remains prevalent in many societies. The following links will further explain the necessity of girls’/women’s education. Education is a right Cultural changes Better health and awareness Poverty reduction Education is a right Everybody has the right to education, which has been recognised since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. The right to free and compulsory primary education, without discrimination and of good quality, has been reaffirmed in all major international human rights conventions. Many of these same instruments encourage, but do not guarantee, post-primary education. These rights have been further elaborated to address issues like quality and equity, moving forward the issue of what the right to education means, and exploring how it can be achieved. As a minimum: states must ensure that basic education is available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable for all. (4A scheme) The right of girls to education is one of the most critical of all rights – because education plays an important role in enabling girls and women to secure other rights. Cultural changes Cultural and traditional values stand between girls and their prospects for education. The achievement of girls’ right to education can address some of societies’ deeply rooted inequalities, which condemn millions of girls to a life without quality education – and, therefore, also all too often to a life of missed opportunities. Improving educational opportunities for girls and women helps them to develop skills that allow them to make decisions and influence community change in key areas. One reason for denying girls and women their right to an education is rarely articulated by those in charge: that is their fear of the power that girls will have through education. There is still some resistance to the idea that girls and women can be trusted with education. Education is also seen in some societies as a fear of change and now with globalization, the fear becomes even greater- fear to lose the cultural identity, fear of moving towards the unknown or the unwanted, fear of dissolving in the many others. Better health Basic education provides girls and women with an understanding of basic health, nutrition and family planning, giving them choices and the power to decide over their own lives and bodies. Women’s education leads directly to better reproductive health, improved family health, economic growth, for the family and for society, as well as lower rates of child mortality and malnutrition. It is also key in the fight against the spread of HIV & AIDS. Poverty reduction Educating girls and women is an important step in overcoming poverty. Inequality and poverty are not inevitable. â€Å"The focus on poverty reduction enables the right to education to be a powerful tool in making a change in the lives of girls and women. Poverty has been universally affirmed as a key obstacle to the enjoyment of human rights, and it has a visible gender profile. The main reason for this is the fact that poverty results from violations of human rights, including the right to education, which disproportionately affect girls and women. Various grounds of discrimination combine, trapping girls in a vicious downward circle of denied rights. Denial of the right to education leads to exclusion from the labour market and marginalisation into the informal sector or unpaid work. This perpetuates and increases women’s poverty. † Education is one of the basic human rights. Every human being has the right to be enlightened by the light of knowledge. But like other issues of our society, a gender inequality exists in receiving education which is enacted to the females. This unwanted practice is continuing still in our society and hinders the progress of our nation. In our country, because of some old superstitions and customs, girls are deprived from many facilities which are cashed in on by males. Education is one of those. The parents think not to invest money to their female children rather than to the males. And that’s why; women of our country still can’t lead a solvent, secured, independent life. A woman without any education can’t use her skills and brain in a proper way. Because of educational ignorance, she can’t differentiate the right and wrong and take any decision correctly. She can’t use the chances to uplift her condition. She can’t nurse her family and children properly. In total, an uneducated woman leads a disorganized life. These awful facts affect the society decisively. Almost half of the population remains inoperative, unskilled, and slapdash. It lags behind the whole nation economically, academically, commercially which will suffer the future generation. If the women-folk is educated, they can utilize their skill, knowledge and work hand in hand with men in all programs of development. They can be self-employed and be a source of man power by which they can support their family financially. They can analysis any situation and take the right decision and influence her family and society in the key areas through their useful thoughts. They will be conscious about early marriage, family planning, maternal mortality rate, child mortality etc. Besides, if a woman is educated, she can take care of her children perfectly. A mother exercises an undeniable influence in the formation of children’s character and shaping their future destination. Once Napoleon said, â€Å"Give me†¦ [continues] Essay Introduction: The history of progress of the human race is the history of education. Hence it is necessary for every person, man or woman, to be educated. The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. Women should be educated like men; otherwise there can be no peace or no progress. If you yoke an unbroken (untrained) horse with highly trained one, the carriage will be dashed to pieces sand the occupants’ lives will be destroyed. The family peace cannot be preserved with such ill-matched life-long companions. Need for Female Education: Napoleon was once asked what the greatest need of France was. He answered â€Å"Motherland’s National progress is impossible without trained and educated mothers. † If the women in any country are not educated about half the people in that country will be ignorant. The result is that such a country will not be able to go along with other nations in development and progress. A Controversy: There is a great controversy going on in India whether women should receive higher education or not. Orthodox people are in favor of female education, but they are opposed to given them high education. But this view does not sound well. If women are mentally fit to receive higher education there seems to be no reason why they should not be allowed to develop their mental faculties. There is other group of liberal people which in favor of the female education. To give them only the rudiments of knowledge while they are eager for advanced studies is to condemn them to a place of inferiority. Duties of Woman: A woman has to play three distinct parts in the course of her life in each of which certain duties are expected of her. If she is able to do these well she is worthy of being called perfect woman. It is only by the help of education that she can hope to be able to do them satisfactorily. The first duty of a woman is to be a good daughter. The second is to be a good wife. And the third is to be a good mother. Education†¦ [continues] Male Female Education Different people have different ideas and opinions as to whether it is more important to educate boys or girls. Some believe that the education of boys is more important than that of the girls, and meanwhile others disagree. In reality, the choice depends on what country, culture, or society we are talking about. In many nations including many Asian countries, tradition demands that men provide the family with income, food, clothing, etc., and women perform the usual household business such as cooking, cleaning, washing, and taking care of children. In such societies it seems logical that there is more stress on the priority of men’s education rather than women, since it is the male that requires the needed education to succeed, survive, and thrive. It is perceived in these countries that education is not of vital importance to women since they â€Å"are not† supposed to work outside the house, and that their primary duty is to take care of the family and kids. However in modern societies and nations, the situation differs. Now days more countries are inclined towards modernization. The general moral philosophy of these nations is equality amongst men and women; therefore, this means equal business, industrial, and occupational opportunities for both the men and women. Based on these facts, it is vital to put of equal stress on the education of men and women for this will insure that females and males perform their tasks professionally and adequately. In my opinion, the edification of men and women has to be equally emphasized because today’s technological and economical advanced world require fully educated, experienced, and versatile citizens regardless of their gender. And this can be only achieved through sufficient education of both men and women. The importance of today’s society is to improve the reaction time interview tested techniques of the oriental and occidental countries and continents. [continues].

Leading Change in the Workplace Essay Example

Leading Change in the Workplace Essay Example Leading Change in the Workplace Paper Leading Change in the Workplace Paper Leading change in the workplace begins with effective leadership. As strong leadership is a common topic in many of todays organizations, it is important to understand the difference between the roles of a manager and a leader. Managers are appointed to supervise and direct tasks within a specific process and its desired results. Hence, managers are put into place to manage a system that is already in place. As changes come about in the workplace, organizations must recognize employees need for change along with their individual needs in the workplace. What distinguishes a leader from a manager is their concern with the organization, the individuals within the processes of the organization, and the vision for the advancement of the organization (Okoro, 2012). Leaders have a vision that maximizes the potential for the organization while upholding the needs for the employees and individuals with interests within the operation and its output. Communicating this vision is the most important skill for a leader to be effective. People in the workplace must feel inspired by the leader and their vision and they must also be motivated by them. Leadership is essential to the workplace as it changes with new generations entering the workforce. Employees need to feel stimulated, important, and challenged by their work while having fun and enjoying their time in the workplace (Frost, 2001). Changes within an organization are important for the organization to keep its competitive edge and grow while meeting the needs of customers and attracting new customers. Technology, customer needs, economy can spark changes within an organization, and growth potential are a few reasons for changes within an organization. Customers’ needs are constantly changing and there is always a demand for newer, innovative products and services. This can be provoked by a thriving economy that could force a company to expand its offerings, and possibly its operating facility (Smith, 2011). These uncontrollable combinations of demands provide growth opportunities for any organization. There are many benefits to implementing changes in the workplace. Although the changes do not always have to be implemented, any proposed suggestion to change can be used as insight to what might need to be changed or where a problem might arise. A good leader will inspire others to achieve the vision of change, usually by providing examples of other opportunities that will benefit them and how they will be rewarded by the changes. Change allows a new platform for essential employees to shine. Change incorporates ideas from all employees and inspires them to be creative in coming up with solution to reach the vision of the leader. Some other benefits of change is to promote new ways of thinking and putting teams together to create processes that can be utilized in ways that are exciting and beneficial to the company and its employees. Change breaks monotony and takes some to the boredom out the job by allowing employees to reenergize their focus and refocus their interest (Smith, 2011). Change also encourages skill growth by providing new duties. This makes employees seek out new training and methods for completing tasks which nourishes creativity. Leadership is sometimes difficult to articulate. It must first be defined and distinguished from managing. Organizations must have leaders to carry out their visions and managers to ensure that the vision is in process. As stated in the article, leadership is getting more complicated with the integration of technology and globalization. The growth of technology extends the economy across the world and changes the way people do business. This creates opportunity for cross-cultural growth and presents to communication challenges for managers and leadership. Leaders need these skills because they are the key component of the success and growth of an organization when communicating business in a global capacity. Successful international leaders know what is expected across cultural background. Global leaders must be competent in awareness and practice (Frost, 2007). The new look of leadership makes for a very diversified workplace. A leader that can lead a command a diverse following has a great advantage in the 21st Century. Organizational culture involves a great blend of lifestyles, age groups, cultures, and abilities. Each brings a different set of ideas and style to the workplace. Although this is great for creating innovations, it presents the possibility of violations of these groups based on culture, race, age, and sex. If these issues were to arise, it could lead to the demise of the organization. IT is very important for the new and competent leader to be trained in ways to respect these differences and prevent these violations. The challenges for global leaders involve globalization, technologic innovation and demographic changes that blend human life and work. Leaders must have the trust of their followers for motivation and to respect the leader’s vision. Great things do not come from a follower who has reservations about their leader. There are essential interpersonal leadership skills that are needed for the success of a global leader in a rapidly changing world. A leader must know their strengths and weaknesses. Knowing your limitations can help put people in the right positions and create a better platform for success in a global setting (Kozlowski, 2006). This also helps show that you appreciate the individual differences in the team and can help close any cultural gaps to help communicate more effectively. Another must have skill is understanding cultural stereotypes so that you can avoid stereotypes and personal biases, especially those that stem from being unaware. Another skill for a leader it to be self-assuring without evoking cockiness. This help build confidence and enthusiasm with team members. Leasers must be able to sell the vision and develop a global mindset while keeping everyone onboard. This involves a great deal of transparency. People want to know where they are going and the most important skill is the ability to communicate this. Communication can be verbal or nonverbal and they have different requirements. It is also essential for leaders to have multiple motivational techniques and accept social responsibility with respect to the communities, clients, and stakeholders that they serve. Global leadership demands leaders to employ a special set of skills to uphold the respect of the diversity of a multifaceted workplace. It is crucial that leaders develop competencies within these skills to ensure the success of an organization’s mission and the teams that lead. Understanding leadership structures and processes is a major factor in team success. What the leader provides the team is the basis for the team’s satisfaction. If the team is not satisfied they will not be motivated and the team will struggle for success. Leadership can come from many sources that can be internal or external. Internal leadership can be project managers and team leaders, and external can be sponsors and coaches. Leadership functions are the beginning of team success (Thorseen, 1974). This begins with composing a team in the transition phase. A team’s success could be founded in the composition of the team. The members of the team must be aligned with the tasks that needs to be accomplished. Next the mission must be defined and communicated exactly what needs to be accomplished. The team must know their initial purpose. This is the beginning of team motivation. Next, goals and expectations should be established and roles should be delegated. This function allows team members to fall into roles where they might find comfort and begin a timeline for progression and the team can enter the next structure of planning and coordinating how the tasks will be carried out. The next phase is training and developing the team in areas that are needed to carry out the needs of the project and fulfil what is expected of the team. The next process in the structure is sensemaking. This is identifying any factors or events that might be disruptive to the team and interpreting what is the cause and how it is affecting the team. This information will then be communicated to the team in efforts to lessen the impact of what is to be achieved. The next process is to provide feedback. This is important to keeping a project on track and motivating team members based on what they have produced based on the metrics, milestones, and expectations of the project or task (Johnson2008). Once these processes have been accomplished, the leader must move the team into the Action Phase where teams are strictly focused on achieved goal directly related to what is to be accomplished. The leader now moves into the role of monitoring the team and managing the team’s boundaries. This entails keeping the team aligned with activities that correlate to what is expected of the team (Johnson, 2008). The leader then finds ways to challenge the team and motivate them to surpass what is expected. This then leads to performing task that will lead to problems that need to be solved. The leader is expected to be able to offer resources to assist the team with information, tools, or personnel that is needed. When a leader reaches this milestone with a team, they can encourage self-management and support the social climate of the team. This is when the leader shows the team that their individual efforts are recognized and the continued motivation of the team to exceed the results of the given tasks. These functions of leadership have been assessed to structure what is needed to enhance the effectiveness of a team (Smith, 2011). A leader must be willing to employ these functions to be successful. From composing the team to encouraging self-management or supporting the social climate of the team this is a great approach to understanding the structures and processes needed to be a successful leader. The most essential skill in leadership is communication. This skill allows for the rest of the puzzle pieces to connect and enable the most important aspect of leadership which is teamwork. Teamwork cannot exist without leadership and leadership cannot be successful without teamwork. The balance between teamwork and leadership must exist in a manner that they draw inspiration from each other. Neither can thrive is the other is unmotivated. The leader has the vision of the organization that must be communicated to the team in efforts for the vision to be made into a reality. Leadership is not about power, authority, management, or supervision. Leadership is the action of influencing and empowering others to accomplish tasks and goals beyond the expectation. Leadership is a role and a mindset that people act on to build, maintain, and motivate relationships. A team is a group of people put together to accomplish a task. Teams might be comprised of individuals of various backgrounds, abilities, cultures, and roles that need leaders to motivate them to achieve common goals that have been set before them(Holt, 2012). The leader’s role is to empower and delegate. The team’s role is to create creative solutions. The leader must take on the act of creating the team, communicating the goals of the team, motivating the team and managing conflict amongst the team. The team should be empowered to solve problems with the objective, make decisions, and communicate effectively with the leader(Holt, 2012). The Five-Dimensional Leadership Competence Model describe the abilities that well-rounded leaders should possess. These are transformational, transactional, organic, contemporary, and ethical. Transformational leaders are charismatic and influential. They use this to motivate their teams to meet goals and accomplish more than what is expected of them while nurturing healthy relationships. Transactional leaders deal rewards for performance among team members. This helps with the motivation of the team. Organic leadership seeks to create an outpour of a team member’s own leadership skills. This leadership style promotes interaction, respect, and strong working relationships amongst team members. Contemporary style leadership focuses on persuasion rather than fear. They communicated difficulties as opportunities for development. Ethical leaders have high integrity and lead based on their social power influences their decisions. They operate on strong integrity and influence. Successful teamwork demands functional relationships amongst the team and the leaders. It involves constant communication and feedback of what is expected and what is being done. To balance leadership and teamwork there are 8 named tenets that must be put into place: vision, integrity, communication, collaboration, creativity, goal orientation, empowerment, and team building. At the minimum this relationship must have integrity to build the trust, respect, and credibility that is needed to manage the creativity and collaborations that enable a team to move progress toward the vision. Communication is, again, the most important in fostering this relationship through goal orientation, empowerment, and team building. Leading change in the workplace has many challenges. One of the greatest challenges is aligning the adaptability of the people within the organization. It is very important to understand the idea of adaptability because one of the most common reasons for failure in leadership is the inability to adapt. Adaptability is being able to go with the flow of change. The ability to go with the flow of things is less stressful and reduces anxiety and frustration when faced with adversity if the workplace. In leadership, adaptability is conforming your leadership style to meet the needs of changing business demands. Change happens very quickly and if forces great leaders to adapt to new circumstances. The business environment, needs of clients and employees, technology, and demand of the business constantly changes. A leader will also be faced with crisis situations, stress of employees and their issues, problem solving, new tasks and procedures, and things such as interpersonal differentiation. Being able to cope with these changes produces a much more successful leader than a singular, one-dimensional leader. One of the biggest challenges in leading people is getting them to follow and trust the leader. From my experiences, the best leaders are the leaders that have the ability to adapt to different situations. It is the skill that gives a you a more competitive edge on operational business. First, leadership cannot be confused with management. Great leaders employ managers as these roles have different skill sets (Mohrman, 1997). Change creates an atmosphere of uncertainty and managers struggle with maintain processes as the changes occur. Great leaders can also emerge for changes is situations that are being managed. Many challenges that managers face today are adaptive challenges that have no clear solution, but require the creativity of an adaptive leader (Throseen, 1974). Adaptable leaders accept change and find new ways to address complex challenges. Being an adaptable has great benefits. If you can adapt you are more valuable to your employer because you anticipate change and do not mind conforming to the changes and you can offer creative ways develop the new processes. It also makes you more inspiring and respected by your peers. This makes your employees more liable to trust you. Another benefit to being adaptable is the satisfaction it adds to life by not feeling hopeless or hopeless when things get tough or do not go as planned. To become more adaptable, it is necessary to think outside the box. Procedures can become outdated and ineffective very quickly as the business environment changes. It is also important that an adaptable leader be one of the first people to adopt to prospective changes (Frost, 2007). This could mean learning new products, monitoring the competition, of making changes in the processes of members of a team. It is also a good idea to be openminded through the process of adapting to new situations because more great changes could come from the changes in practice. Conclusion Leading an organization through change requires a specified set of skills. Everyday leadership is no always the same team as what is needed for change leadership. Change in the workplace can be scary and can cause changes in employees. The most important factor to monitor when implementing change is changes within your employees. More important than the changes are how the changes are sold to employees and implemented into the workplace. John Kotter distinguishes change management versus change leadership a set of tools to keep change under control against the engine moving the whole change process to make it go faster, smarter and more efficiently. A change leadership team constructs the entire change process and considers the motions that are needed to introduce the change among employees and make the process flow into the large-scale transformation (Frost, 2007). Leading change in the workplace is about assessing the needs of those who will be affected by the changes and motivating them to work toward the vision. Leadership is an action and leaders are to sell the vision. There will always be a need for change in the workplace. Therefore, it is important to understand the skills that are needed to carryout change. Communication is key to change, but leaders must also be transparent in the objectives and desired outcome. Leaders must be positive and motivating to help ease any uncertainties. Change is what makes organizations thrive and the most useful position in an organization is the Leader that creates change for the good.

4 of the Most Common LinkedIn Mistakes

4 of the Most Common LinkedIn Mistakes For a rookie LinkedIn user, the site can feel like Facebook 2.0. Oh hey, I know that guy! He fell asleep in 20th Century Topics every week in college! Look, it’s the girl who used to sit by the elevator two jobs ago! Making these not-so-useful â€Å"connections† is often a mistake- as are the other 4 items on this list from Don Goodman over at Careerealism. 1. You don’t carefully evaluate who you allow as a connection.Do not add the aforementioned connections- be very selective about the add requests you make. Stick to promising contacts in your industry or people who can recommend you for specific skills. Think of LinkedIn as the opposite of Facebook! Be generous- but honest- in your recommendations, too.2. You didn’t pick your profile picture with care.Your profile definitely has a higher chance of being viewed with a photo. Choose one that is friendly, professional, and approachable. Give special scrutiny to the background- don’t have someone tak e a terrific pic with a sloppy couch behind you!3. Your sub-header doesn’t â€Å"talk.†The sub-header is an underused tool by many LinkedIn users. What a recruiter will see is your name and a headline, like â€Å"Associate Editor, ABC Magazine†. That’s fine if you have a job and you’re happy in it, but consider something more descriptive, like â€Å"Healthcare Marketing Pro and Medical Marketing Advisor†- it gives a sense of your experience, your specialties and your range.4. You haven’t adjusted your privacy settings.I try to keep my Facebook to people I know and trust. Anyone else gets sent to an â€Å"acquaintance† list, and I keep a close eye on the audience for each update and notification. Give the same attention to your LinkedIn; the privacy settings on your profile should be more publicly accessible, but any activities relating to job-hunting, like connecting with recruiters or getting recommendations from current colle agues, should be kept private from your current employer (for obvious reasons).When in doubt, have a friend look over your profile while they’re logged in to their own to make sure that only what you want displayed is visible!

The Role of Instruction in Second Language Acquisition Essay

The Role of Instruction in Second Language Acquisition - Essay Example The researches and scientific studies had probed dimensions of learning a second language and its effectiveness. It also has been an interesting field to explore for linguists. Many people contend with the stand that for the learning to be consummate, it had to be instructed the natural way; others dispute that the instruction of traditional methods in the classroom will provide a deeper understanding and comprehension of the language. The language that is the target to be learned is referred to as L2, and the acquisition; the second language acquisition is known as the L2A, or much better known as SLA. Formal instruction possesses a profound effect in the everyday endeavors of learners who are trying to gain fluency and mastery of a second language, so therefore, the rule of formal instruction in the process of learning a second language must be investigated and examined thoroughly. Moreover, it complements the best way to make instruction effective and helpful. Numerous studies have been carried out to investigate whether the ways of instruction alters the sequence of the learners’ acquisition, and also, whether the learners acquire the language in the way the naturalistic learners do. II. Instruction in Second Language Acquisition A. Theories About Second Language Acquisition One of the most emphasized concepts about second language learning is that some individuals are more inclined to learning a second language than other individuals. But there are factors to be considered before uttering such statements, such as age, motivation, ability, and socio-psychological factors.